Kidney disease: Signs and Symptoms, Causes and Preventions.

Kidney disease

Kidney disease:

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped and fist-sized organs located at the bottom of the rib cage. Kidneys play a vital role in our body. It works as a natural filter in our body. Kidney filters extra water and waste product from our blood and removes them from our body through urine. kidney disease means our kidneys are damaged and not able to filter blood properly. Diabetes and high blood pressure are considered the two main risk factors for kidney disease. Those who suffer from diabetes and high blood pressure, in the long run, they suffer from chronic kidney disease and it leads to end-stage kidney disease that causes kidney failure. In the case of kidney failure or end-stage kidney disease, the treatment is either a kidney transplant or dialysis. Other kidney problems are acute kidney injury, kidney stones, kidney infections and kidney cyst.

Signs and Symptoms :

Kidney disease could be a silent killer. kidneys are highly adaptable and ready to atone for lost function. Signs and symptoms might not appear until irreversible damage has occurred. Signs and symptoms of kidney disease are not always specific and they can also be caused by other illness. Signs and symptoms of kidney  disease are:

• Too much urine (pee) or not enough urine.
• After a brief walk feels trouble in breathing or feels tiredness.
• Poor sleeping (insomnia).
• Swelling within the feet and ankles.
• Loss of appetite.
• Persistent nausea.
• Muscle twitches and cramps.
• Persistent itching.
• Abdominal pain.
• Back pain.
• Diarrhoea
• Fever.
• Rash.
• Bleeding through the nose.
• Excessive drowsiness or fatigue.
• Vomiting.
• Confusion or decreased mental sharpness.
• Pain or pressure within the chest.
• Coma.
• High blood pressure that's difficult to regulate.
• Foamy urine.
• The smell of ammonia within the breath.
• Brown, red or purple colour urine.
• Fluid retention that results in swelling within the limbs.
• Food tastes like metal.
• Headaches.
• Erectile dysfunction in men.
• Feeling cold.
• Frequent urination, especially at night.
• Swelling of the eyes after waking up in the morning.
• Presence of blood or pus in the urine.
• Feeling irritation when urinating.
• The body becomes pale due to shortage of haemoglobin in the blood.

Causes of kidney disease:
The kidney can be damaged for a variety of reasons. A study has shown that 46 per cent of kidney damage occurs due to nephritis, 36 per cent due to diabetes, and 11 per cent due to high blood pressure. Main  causes of kidney damage are:

Nephritis:

Nephritis is a major disease of the kidneys. This disease can occur at any age. In children, this disease is 90 per cent curable. Complications occur for adults. There are two types of nephritis, Infectious and non-infectious. 20 per cent nephritis is caused by infectious and 80 per cent non-infectious. The cause of non-infectious nephritis is completely unknown. Infectious causes can be prevented or remedied. But the treatment of non-infectious nephritis is quite complex. In nephritis, the body swells, blood pressure rises and protein passes through the urine. Even red blood cells and white blood cells can pass through the urine. A compound named creatinine can build up in the blood. Increases the amount of fat in the blood. The disease can be detected by microscopic examination (biopsy) by removing the tissue from the kidney through a needle. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can be cured in 30 per cent of cases through early treatment. But It is a matter of fear that despite treatment, 60 per cent of patients lose their kidney function within 10-15 years and the kidneys become completely damage.

Diabetes:

Diabetes is not a serious disease. It can be fatal due to non-compliance with the rules and lack of proper treatment.Type-1 diabetes can be treated with insulin. Type-2 diabetes can be controlled by taking proper diet, tablets or insulin. 98 per cent of diabetic patients are type-2. Diabetes can be cured, even prevented.Changing eating habits, regular use of medications and healthy living habits can completely change a diabetic patient. The alarming data is that 40 per cent of diabetic patients suffer from kidney disease. It can be seen at any time since diabetes is diagnosed.So it is important for every diabetic patient is to know if anyone has kidney disease. Just by checking the urine and creatinine level in the blood, it can be understood whether anyone is suffering from diabetic kidney disease. This test is especially important for diabetic patients over the age of forty and those who have diabetic patients in their family.

High blood pressure:

High blood pressure is the third leading cause of kidney disease. In the developed world, 20-25 per cent of high blood pressure causes kidney damage. In addition, High blood pressure causes brain stroke and heart attacks. High blood pressure can lead to serious consequences if we don't keep it under control. Most common people think that high blood pressure does not need treatment until the symptoms appear. Again, many people think that it is better not to take medicine for high blood pressure or if the blood pressure is controlled by taking medicine, then there is no need to take medicine. Again, many people think that taking this medicine for a long time can cause a lot of damage to the body. Basically, all these are wrong thoughts, from which high blood pressure remains dormant and later gradually damage the kidneys. Then some symptoms appear, but the doctor has nothing to do. So, high blood pressure should be checked regularly whether someone has high blood pressure or not. Especially those whose age is over the forties and those who have high blood pressure or have kidney disease in the family should have their blood pressure checked once or twice a year to control it. Treatment should be started when high blood pressure is predicted. At the same time change the lifestyle, avoid salt, every day walk or exercise for 30 minutes and keep blood pressure under control. 

Genetic causes:

Someone may have kidney disease due to heredity if someone in the family has kidney disease. 2-3 per cent of kidney diseases are due to heredity. Single genetic factors are not liable for hereditary kidney disease. The main cause of hereditary kidney disease is polycystic kidney disease, which can be cured through medication. Congenital kidney function is low or the size of the kidney is small or large. It can also lead to chronic kidney disease. So those who had or have kidney disease in their family should be a little more careful. Kidney diseases are not fatal in the early stages. Most kidney diseases can be prevented if detected in the early stage.

Other causes of kidney disease include:

• A drug that is toxic to the kidneys.
• A disease that affects the entire body.
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Renal artery stenosis.
• Heavy metal poisoning.
• Obesity.
• Older age.
• Smoking etc.

Preventions:

• Excess weight should be avoided. 
• Diabetes and hypertension should be controlled.
• Smoking should be avoided.

• Under no circumstances should you take painkillers or antibiotics without a doctor's advice.For those who have genetically kidney disease or who have been suffering from hypertension and diabetes for a long time, get a kidney test done without delay. Test whether your kidneys are healthy.

• Women should be treated for urinary tract infections, uterine prolapse, uterine cancer in a timely manner.

• Women should drink enough pure water to prevent urinary tract infections, do not hold back urine and stay clean.

• Men who are over 40 years old, the prostate gland becomes enlarged. So take the advice of the doctor in time.

• If you have diarrhoea, you should eat normal food along with food saline to prevent dehydration because diarrhoea can cause acute kidney failure.

• In the case of children, fast food, soft drinks, outside juices should be avoided. Because it can lead to obesity in children.

• Kidney health needs to ensure a healthy life.